Annotated Bibliography of Articles about Nursing - 887 Words

Author. (2012, July). Nursing Workforce: Background Brief. KaiserEDU.org The strength of this study stems from it reliance on reports from foundations and government agencies with verifiable data. Nursing shortage data in this study puts the 2000 figure at 110,000 open registered nursing positions, which is a 6 percent shortage of supply. By 2008, this report indicted that hospital and long-term facilities were reporting a shortage of 8.1 percent. Estimates put the shortage of registered nurses at 260,000 full-time equivalents (FTEs), a figure that is double any nursing shortages since the 1960s. Solutions to nursing shortages that have emphasized increases in compensation or international recruitment are not expected to increase the supply of nurses over the long-term. This report addresses the inadequacies of institutions of higher education, noting that 75,587 qualified applicants were turned away from both undergraduate and graduate nursing programs in 2011 alone. Retention strategies are also addressed in this report, notably, the Nurse Reinvestment Act of 2002 and the Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, but this legislation and investments by the States have had limited success. The report from the 2010 IOM/Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, The Future of Nursing, emphasizes professionalization and advanced practice strategies to promote interest and status for practicing nurses. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) may bring about sea changes thatShow MoreRelatedA Annotated Bibliography On The Field Of Nursing1600 Words   |  7 PagesAn annotated bibliography is used to assess other written works of information related to the topic you are discussing. This assignment is to help students learn how to deal with one of the many communication concerns they may come across in the field of nursing. They will achieve this by researching and assessing other sources as well as evidently and logically writing about their findings. The topic of this annotated bibliography is communicating with people who have Aphasia. Aphasia is neurologicalRead MoreA Discussion On Sexuality And Sexually Transmitted Infections / Diseases And Sexual Development Throughout Life955 Words   |  4 Pageswas only one this week, a discussion on sexuality in later life, the quiz and this wonderful three page reflection paper. Additionally our annotated bibliography was due this week. As usual, I will start with this week’s reading from the Taking Sides text. This week was slightly different in that we were given only one topic to read and discuss. The article discussed opposing views on whether or not sexting was considered safe sex. For my initial opinion on the topic, it seemed obvious to meRead MoreAlcohol Annotated Bibliography2329 Words   |  10 PagesAlcohol Annotated Bibliography. Introduction. 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The advantages and disadvantages toRead MoreSummary and Critique of The Timelessness of Nursing Theory1302 Words   |  5 PagesAnnotated Bibliography of Two Nursing Articles Summary and critique of The timelessness of nursing theory by Sandra Schmidt Bunkers. This article by Bunkers examines the ways in which nursing theory as articulated by Florence Nightingale and supported by Rosemarie Parses theoretical modeling can be understood as being timeless and to what extent it should be considered as rooted in a particular historical moment and cultural context. Bunkers draws on both her academic and professional expertiseRead MoreTherapeutic And Non Therapeutic Communication1108 Words   |  5 PagesThis paper is the result of the review of five different articles that supports the PICOT statement which was about effects of therapeutic and non-therapeutic communications, in nurse-patient relationship, on patient’s conditions in hospital. The paper contains of explanation of each article followed by the relation to the PICOT statement. This paper will discuss the importance of therapeutic techniques, in contrast of non-therapeutic techniques, in health care setting by providing different resourcesRead MoreNurses Are Causing Multiple M edication Errors in a Clinical and Practice Setting1030 Words   |  5 Pagesprofessional, patient, or consumer. It is very important for experienced nurses and nursing professors to identify medication errors to prevent them from harming the patient. Some of the errors that were identified were not reported because registered nurses didn’t want their peers to think they were irresponsible (Unver, Tastan, Akbayrak, 2012). Nurse shaming did not help increase positive outcomes of reporting errors among nursing students and registered nurses (Harding Petrick, 2008). When medicationRead MoreI Am A Great Clinical Day1088 Words   |  5 PagesToday was a great clinical day, where Jessica and I got to teach three foster teens about nutrition labels, unit prices, making grocery lists, coupons, and took a tour of a grocery store. The students applied what they learned in class by comparing items using unit prices, and looking at deals. As well as, compared nutrition labels of diff erent brands, of the same items. It was very interesting, to see the comparison. At the end of the class, we gave the students coupons and a booklet of couponsRead MoreRole Stereotyping, Misconceptions About Nursing Career1486 Words   |  6 PagesAssociation of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) in (2011) reveals that only 6% of registered nurses in the US are AA. Loftin et al. (2012) listed inadequate monetary funding, insufficient moral and emotional support, lack of academic and nursing program advising as well as scant technical support and professional socialization as some of the reasons that explain why few AA fails to pursue nursing or complete the nursing program. Role stereotyping, misconceptions about nursing career are also noted reasonsRead MoreNursing Shortage Effects On Quality Patient Care1346 Words   |  6 PagesAnnotated Bibliography: The Nursing Shortage Effects on Quality Patient Care Prior to starting nursing school, I worked as a patient care technician at a hospital in my hometown. Many times, there were not enough nurses to efficiently take on the amount of patients on our medical surgical floor. Therefore, the nurse to patient ratio was exceeded on many of the shifts. While working as a technician, I never fully understood the daily struggles of the nurses when having the responsibility of seven

Prostitution Between Canada And Canada - 1712 Words

Prostitution in Canada: Changes in Legislation Due to the fairly recent changes regarding the legality of prostitution in Canada, individuals who use and provide these services have been cautious (Warnica, 2015). Unfortunately, new laws may create more problems than benefits, such as, financial problems due to fewer people buying sex because it is illegal to do so. In this paper, I will explicate and assess the new changes to the law regarding prostitution in Canada, arguing that prostitution should be legal in Canada. Prostitution laws vary all over the world. Some jurisdictions are similar to Canada whilst others are extremely different. The United Kingdom is similar to Canada, as acts related to prostitution are illegal but prostitution itself is not. In Germany, Netherlands, and New Zealand prostitution is legal and so are brothels. However, in Argentina, France, Singapore and Greece brothels are illegal put prostitution is. There is no universal agreement on how governments shou ld legislate or regulate prostitution. First, I will discuss what aspects of the law have been changed in Canada and what this means for prostitutes and their clients. I will then further discuss the points that adults can consent to sex and that the government has no right to completely ban consensual sex involving financial transactions between adults. In addition, individuals should be free to do what they want in regard to their own bodies and should be able to decide with whom they want toShow MoreRelatedProstitution Article On Prostitution Laws1640 Words   |  7 Pages Prostitution Laws in Canada Karlene Wright November 19, 2014 Prostitution Laws in Canada Introduction Prostitution is considered by many to be the oldest profession. Throughout civilization many society have had to address the issue of prostitution. Canada is a nation renown for promoting the advancement of women in all parts of the world. However, it is a nation guilty of punishing women for the circumstances in which they find themselves. The prostitution laws in Canada showsRead MoreAdvantages of Legalizing Prostitution1749 Words   |  7 PagesProstitution is known as the oldest profession and has been around for millenniums, dating back to Roman, Byzantine, Greek and Egyptian empires (Baldwin, 2004). The ancient cultures of those empires dealt with the needs of the group and consequently developed protocols for dealing with sexual relations that have propagated throughout time to the modern era. As a result, prostitution is prominent in society today. When analyzing the sex trade, the factors of cultural precedence, philosophy, religionRead MoreThe Criminal Code And Prostituti on1566 Words   |  7 PagesThe Criminal Code and Prostitution in Canada: A Historical Overview Prostitution has always been a topic of contention and controversy in Canada and other counties. 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Accounting for Managers Business Cost Accounting

Question: Describe about the Accounting for Managers for Business Cost Accounting. Answer: 1. Calculation of ratios for 2007 Current ratio Current asset 180742 Current liabilities 105064 Current ratio = current assets/current liabilities 1.72 Quick ratio Current assets 180742 Inventory 159880 Prepaid expenses 0 Current liabilities 105064 Quick ratio 0.20 Current ratio can be also be defined as the period in which the current asset and liabilities can liquidate. The current ratio is a ratio of current assets to current liabilities. The way by which quick ratio is calculated is by deducting inventories and prepaid expenses from current asset and dividing it by current liabilities. The optimum level of current ratio that a company should maintain is 2:1 whereas the optimum quick ratio is 1:1. The current ratio is 1.72 for super cheap auto limited whereas the average current ratio of the other firms is 1.76 in the same industry. Therefore, we can say that the current ratio is less when compared to the optimum current ratio as well as the average current ratio of the other firms (Needles Powers, 2013). However, this current ratio can be enhanced and the ideal current ratio can be achieved. The quick ratio is calculated as 0.20 whereas the average quick ratio of the other firms is 0.78 in the same industry. Therefore, the quick ratio is very less when compared to the optimum ratio and the average quick ratio of the firms of the industry. The company used to pay dividend 8 cents per share in 2006 but in 2007 the company decided to pay a dividend of 10.5 cents per share. The company has taken this step because it has experienced growth and wants to satisfy the shareholders. The earning per share has also increased from 2006 to 2007. We can draw this conclusion from the income statement that the company has a positive progress. It is a good indication regarding the movement of the company and is sure to provide a good response (Larry Christopher, 2012). Calculation of inventory turnover. Inventory turnover ratio Cost of goods sold 376733 Average inventory 147450 Inventory turnover ratio 2.55 Inventory turnover ratio is calculated to depict the efficiency of the firm and its management of inventories that it holds because of which this has been also given a name of efficiency ratio. This ratio is very important as it reflects the performance of the company (Needles, 2011). The two components of performance that affect this ratio is stock purchasing and sales. The more number of times the inventory is turned over the better is the performance of the company. So it is always advised to keep the inventory turnover ratio high. The company has shown increasing profits over the years which means that the company has the scope of expanding its business. The company can raise funds through equity or by taking loans (Needles, 2011). The company should raise its finance in such a way that the cost of capital does not increase. The company should analyse all the options available and choose the best one. Calculation of PE and Dividend yield ratio for 2007. PE Ratio Price per share 4.5 Earning per share 21 PE Ratio 21% The PE ratio is 21 for Supercheap auto limited whereas 16.7 is the average PE ratio of the other firms of the same industry. Therefore, we can say that the PE ratio is high when compared to the average PE ratio of the other firms. High PE ratio is a good indicator as it boasts regarding the strength of the company. Therefore, high PE ratio can be a good buy if the fundamentals are strong. Dividend yield ratio ? Cash dividend per share Current market price 4.5 Dividend yield ratio The average dividend yield of the other firms in the industry is 3.7%. 2. The different types of companies use different kinds of budget. It may be a flexible budget or a fixed budget. A company decides its budget according to the volume of operations then such company is said to make a flexible budget (Shim Siegel, 2009). For example, a manufacturer of a factory estimates that its cost of electricity and supplies is $10 per machine hour. He also estimates that the factory supervision, depreciation and other fixed cost is $60000 per month. The production equipment operates 5000 and 8000 hours per month. Then the flexible budget will be $60000+$10 per month. The main objective of performance valuation is to provide a fair and justifiable measurement of an employees contribution to the workforce, which help them to produce accurate appraisal document and provide protection to both the employer and the employee. A company has to prepare many other typed of budgets apart from the cash budget. The following are prepared prior to the preparation of cash budget- Sales budget- a number of sales will be recorded in the cash budget when the amount is received either from the customers or from the debtors. Capital expenditure budget- This expense will only be recorded in the period in which it has occurred. If a capital asset is bought then it will be shown on the payment side whereas if an asset is sold then the amount received will be recorded on the receipts side (Lanen et. al, 2008). Expenses budget- The expenses are recorded in the period in which it is actually paid. Outstanding expenses are not recorded in the cash budget. The operating cycle is the time period required to convert cash invested in raw material again into cash after passing through various stages of production (work in progress), finished goods and debtors. This operating cycle can also be referred as cash cycle. Lower the operating cycle lesser is the amount required as working capital in the firm. A manufacturing concern requires a higher working capital than a trading concern. It is necessary to understand all the element of operating cycle and cash cycle as it helps to analyse the requirements of the company and manage the working capital as per the requirements. There are various ratios and data which help us to analyse the efficiency of management of working capital. Some of them are- Working capital ratio- The ratio of current asset to current liabilities is called the working capital ratio or current ratio. Inventory turnover ratio- This is the ratio that reveals the number of times inventory is converted into cash in a given time period. (Venanci, 2012). Accounting is very important for all kind of enterprises either it is a private enterprise or a government enterprise. Even if the government does not carry on business for profits it has to prepare proper and reliable financial statements for reasonably informed users. It should reveal all the relevant information such as the financial position, profitability and liquidity of an enterprise (Robinson Last, 2009). There are certain purposes of the costing system. They are- i) Budgets are established with the help of proper costing system. The costing system ensures those proper budgets are established. ii) Cost control and motivation and measuring efficiencies. Efficiency enhancement is by dint of proper costing system. iii) Cost reduction can be attained with the help of costing system as changes are noted at the earliest and eliminated. iv) Cost reports are prepared in order to simplify the process and operations are refined. v) The assigning cost to the different level of inventories such as material, work in process and finished goods inventories. Therefore, costs are allocated with proper ease and hence, a great result is obtained (Larry Christopher, 2012). 3. Calculation Manufacturing overhead allocation rate for wonder product Manufacturing overheads for the year 598,080 Total machine hours for the year 7,000 =Manufacturing overhead / total machine hours =598080/7000 =85.44 per machine hour Calculation Administrative overhead allocation rate for wonder product Administrative overheads for the year 695,520 Direct labour hours for the year 14,000 =Administrative overhead / direct labour hours =695520/14000 =49.68 per labour hours Direct material= $19000 Manufacturing overhead= 85.44*400 =$34176 Administrative overhead=49.68*750=$37260 Total cost =(19000+34176+37260) =$90436 Profit = 40% * 90436=36174 Total sales value =$(90436+36174) =$126610 The allocation of overhead expenses is a crucial part when quoting on jobs and when generally deciding prices because of the following reasons- i) It makes taking decisions easier by providing relevant information- Setting prices for a product is one example that must be made by management. The management has a great say in deciding the prices of the product. This is a very crucial part to be played because to receive more than what we have spent requires great efforts and so setting up of prices keeping in view all the expenses is very essential. It is necessary to include direct cost but it is equally important to include the overhead also.(Horngren Foster, 2008). ii) Promote efficient use of resources- A product is emerged after passing through various stages of production and such production process involves many activities. These activities include setting up of machineries, finalising the finished products and rectifying the defects found therein. The managers need to be efficient in all their works so that they can promote efficient use of resources.(Charles, 2012). There are many problems encountered with the allocation of overheads which need to be rectified. The allocation of overhead depicts the understatement of the profits earned by business beyond the budgeted volume. Overhead allocation is distributed to all products irrespective of volume. When sales exceed the budgeted expectations, the accounting department will not discontinue to charge these allocations to the individual product even if the company has already generated enough business to cover the actual corporate overhead (Charles, 2012). Predetermined rate is the rate which is calculated before the period commences. The major use of this rate is to apply the manufacturing overhead to the work in progress. It also reveals the manufacturing cost of the product. The computation of this predetermined rate is done by dividing budgeted overhead by cost driver. It is a very important part and role which every manufacturing concern has to perform. It maintains the balance between the expenses and sales volume. Manufacturing cost or the cost of work in progress is calculated by using the predetermined rate and not by using the actual overhead rate. It helps us to achieve our goal of recovering more than what is spent. It helps us to ascertain the total cost of the job specified. References Charles, T.S 2012, Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis, Pearson Education Horngren, C T Foster, G 2008, Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis: United States Edition Lanen, W. N., Anderson, S Maher, M. W 2008, Fundamentals of cost accounting, NY: Hang Loose press. Needles, S. C 2011, Managerial Accounting, Nason , USA: South Western Cengage Learning . Needles, B. E. Powers, M 2013, Principles of Financial Accounting. New York Press Robinson, M., Last, D 2009, Budgetary Control Model: The Process of Translation. Accounting, Organization and Society, NY Press Shim, J. K Siegel, J G 2009, Modern Cost Management and Analysis, Barron's Education Series Spiceland, J., Thomas, W. and Herrmann, D 2011, Financial accounting, New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin University Press Vanderbeck, E J 2013, Principles of Cost Accounting, Oxford university press Venanci, D 2012, Financial Performance Measures and Value Creation , State of art . New York: Springer. Larry M. W Christopher J. S2012, Managerial and Cost Accounting, Pearson Press

Private Construction of Government Sponsored Projects

Outline The aim of the research is to investigate factors that would enhance construction project’s success sponsored by the government in Dubai. The researcher developed three objectives for this study as follows.Advertising We will write a custom dissertation sample on Private Construction of Government Sponsored Projects specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To review the initiation of government sponsored mega construction projects in order to understand the processes involved and how they influence success of the project. To determine the level of government involvement in construction projects in various stages of project life cycle. To identify specific challenges faced by Mega construction projects in Dubai within the past decade. The previous chapter focused on the review of literatures in order to determine what scholars say about private construction of government projects. In this chapter, the focus will be on meth ods of data collection used in this study, its analysis and the presentation procedures. The focus of this chapter will be to define methods that will be used to investigate factors that would enhance success in private construction of government-sponsored projects based on the information collected from primary sources. The first section of this chapter focuses on research philosophy used in this study. It then proceeds to analyze the research design and its justification. This section explains why the researcher chose a given research design. The third section deals with the questionnaire design. Questionnaire was the main tool used in the process of collecting data. The next section deals with the interviews used in the study to gather relevant data from the participants. The chapter then analyses sampling strategies used in the study, and data collection techniques. The next section of this chapter is a framework for analysing data before concluding it with a summary. The resear cher seeks to define an appropriate method that will be used to collect and analyse data from primary sources in order to validate findings from secondary sources as discussed in chapter two of this paper. Research Philosophy Research philosophy plays an important role in research because it defines the approach taken in the development of knowledge in the study. In quantitative research, deductive reasoning, also known as top down method, will be used. The figure below shows the systematic reasoning based on deductive methods.Advertising Looking for dissertation on engineering? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Figure 1: Steps in Deductive Reasoning As shown in the diagram above, this process starts with developing a theory that underpins the research topic. The next step is to develop hypotheses to be used in testing the theories. The following are the two hypotheses developed in the previous chapters. H1o. Success of mega go vernment projects is not affected by issues such as bribery and favouritism. H2o. Engaging private players in mega government project through subcontracting is not a key driver of success. The third step is the observation process where data is collected from the field. The researcher will base the observation on government-sponsored projects that are currently undertaken by private contractors. The observation also involves a detailed collection of primary data. The final step is the conformation of the set hypotheses (Schwartz-Shea and Yanow 2006, p. 76). Through analysis of the primary data, it will be possible to confirm or reject the hypotheses set in the previous chapters. The researcher will use this deductive strategy in the study.Advertising We will write a custom dissertation sample on Private Construction of Government Sponsored Projects specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Research Design and Justification The nature of t his research makes it necessary to use quantitative data analysis methods. The reason for choosing quantitative result is the desire to confirm the research hypotheses through empirical study. The researcher intends to use mathematical tools in order to analyze the data collected from the field. Structured questions can easily be assigned numerical values, making it possible to compute and analyze them mathematically. Quantitative methods will help the researcher to determine the level of acceptance of each of the set hypotheses. According to Reis and Judd (2000, p. 34), structured questions are always important when the researcher is interested in capturing specific issues that can be codified for mathematical analysis. The interviews will be very important in the study because they will allow the researcher to capture the facial expressions of the respondents, which may offer further explanations to some of the questions posed to the respondents. Questionnaire Design It is vital t o define the questionnaire design used in this research. In order to collect the primary data, the researcher used questionnaires, which we delivered to the participants directly. The questionnaire was divided into different sections focusing on different issues of interest in this study. The questions delved into specific issues concerning the private construction of government-sponsored projects in the country, and some of the challenges encountered during the formulation or implementation stages. This research used quantitative methods, and for this reason, the questions used in this research were structured in order to enhance mathematical analysis. The researcher considered it necessary to employ structured questions to capture different aspects of issues under investigation.Advertising Looking for dissertation on engineering? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The open-ended questions would be good because they give the respondents enough time to think about their response, a fact that makes them feel comfortable when responding to the questions set in the study. This would allow the researcher to understand the position of respondents and the reason why they gave specific responses. These questions also minimise errors that could have occurred in the course of the research when the researcher has to guess why the respondent has given a specific response. However, the fact that they are not supported by mathematical analysis makes them undesirable for this study. That is why they were avoided. The structured questions are easy to administer and it is time consuming. According to McConville and Chui (2007, p. 87), respondents are always comfortable with short clear questions which takes a short time to administer. This approach eliminates the possibility that they may ignore some of the questions. Each response in the closed ended question s is given a statistical value for easy statistical interpretation. According to Rugg and Petre (2007, p. 23), closed-ended questions are compatible with computer package. This approach is more specific, which means that its answers are very consistent. Achieving this consistency may not be possible when using unstructured questions. Finally, the closed-ended questions took lesser time to administer as compared to the open-ended questions, a fact that was important given the limited time that was available for the study. The questionnaire was hand-delivered and administered by the researcher in the form of face-to-face interviews. The researcher recorded the responses from the participants personally. This decision was based on the amount of time available for the study. This method may be time consuming, but it is effective. Besides, the method allowed the respondents to reflect on the set questions and answer them with accuracy. The method is not easily affected by the level of re spondent’s literacy skills (Neergaard Ulhà ¸i 2007, p. 78). The use of questionnaires enabled the researcher to capture the relevant issues that are unique to the private construction of government-sponsored projects within Dubai. This was important because there was limited literature with the desired degree of relevance to the subject matter of private public partnership in managing projects in this country. As the participants responded to the questions, the researcher was keen to capture any facial expressions that would give further clues to the responses beyond what the respondents were stating in words. The availability of the participants heavily influenced the choice of this approach because most of the respondents were full time employees in the governmental departments and other private institutions, and for this reason, it is not easy to find all of them in one place at a given time. After data collection, it went through a detailed analysis, which culminated in to the discussion and conclusions as discussed in chapters four and five of this report. Interviews In order to collect the primary data from the field, the researcher organized interviews with the government officials in the relevant departments and private players who have been engaged in the construction of government-sponsored projects. Before starting the interview, the researcher took an opportunity to explain to the participants the relevance of the study and the non-disclosure policy. The researcher assured the participants that this study was specifically meant for academic purposes, and that the identity of the participants shall not be revealed. The face-to-face interview was a good strategy of collecting the information from the participants. It also allowed the researcher to capture the body language of the respondents. The researcher filled the questionnaires as the respondents answered the questions posed to them. The structured questions required the participants to choose a specific answer from a series of choices presented to them based on their knowledge or personal experiences. The questionnaire used in the study is presented in the appendix. Sampling According to Jacobsen (2012, p. 74), a number of factors should be put into consideration when choosing the right method of sampling in any given study. In this research, the aim was to interview the individuals who are directly involved in the private construction of government-sponsored projects in Dubai, especially those who have been in the industry for the past one decade. Based on the required sample size, arrangements of meetings and the availability of the target population, the study interviewed clients, consultants and contractors. In total, the researcher chose 90 people to participate in this study. The research focused on individuals that have the knowledge and strong opinions of this particular market, especially those who are directly involved in private construction of governme nt-sponsored projects. This relatively large sample size was chosen because it would provide a wide range of views, which increases the reliability and credibility of the study. The researcher felt that the more the interviews, the better the results. However, the timeframe of conducting this research was a limit to the amount of interviews that could be carried out. In order to capture the participants from the identified groups above, simple random sampling approach was used in each group. However, the researcher was keen to ensure that participants from these three categories were properly captured in this study. This was important in ensuring that each issue under investigation was responded to from all the possible perspectives. The researcher made an effort to ensure that personal biases do not affect the process of choosing the participants. That is why simple random sampling was considered appropriate in selecting the participants for this study. Data Collection In this stud y, defining the scope of data collection was important in order to guide its usage. According to Groat, and Groat (2013, p. 56), sometimes one may misuse a given report by applying it in an irrelevant context, making it difficult to achieve the desired results. For this reason, it was considered necessary to define the context under which the primary and secondary sources of data were collected. The researcher used the secondary sources of data to define the theoretical perspective of this research. It is important to understand the fact that the information given by the secondary sources captured the topic under varying environmental factors and countries. The primary source of data was obtained from the employees of the relevant government departments, educationists, and private sector players who are involved, in one way or the other, in the private construction of government-sponsored projects. The researcher asked the participants about a number of issues relating to these proj ects within the country. The researcher explained to all the participants what this research is all about and why it was important to the researcher. Although the secondary data was collected from literatures that focused on various countries, the process of collecting the primary data was restricted to Dubai because of the nature of the research. This means that it would not be appropriate to apply the information from the primary data on a global context. Framework for Data Analysis Data analysis refers to the process of transforming raw data into refined useful information that can be of use to people. Willis (2008, p. 86) advises that before settling on a method of data analysis, it is important to determine the approach to be taken by the research. The research can take quantitative, qualitative, or categorical approach. This research emphasized on quantitative approach, although qualitative methods helped in explaining some of the statistical findings. Depending on the type an d accuracy needed, data analysis can take a simple descriptive form, or a more complex statistical inferencing (Bowling Ebrahim 2005, p. 52). The technique used in the analysis can be univariate, bivariate or multivariate analysis. In selecting the appropriate method, a researcher should ensure that assumptions relating to the method are satisfactory. In analyzing the collected data, the researcher will use appropriate statistical data analysis tools such as descriptive and inferential statistics in analyzing the quantitative data. In relation to the quantitative analysis, Maxfield and Babbie (2012, p. 43) argued that the most commonly used sets of statistics include mean, frequencies, standard deviation, median and percentages. The researcher will code and enter the quantitative data into Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20). Using the spreadsheet, the researcher will be able to derive various statistical values needed for this study. The researcher will also use descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, percentage, and frequencies to describe various issues about this topic. The findings of the study will be presented in charts, graphs, and tables to enhance clarity. Since the research may entail comparison of the performance of some projects that were conducted in the recent past, there will be the need to employ correlation analysis to enhance clarity. Therefore, chi-square tests will be used to test the hypotheses. Inferential statistics like chi-square tests help to test whether the observed relationships between the variables are genuine or due to chance. The statistical significance level used in the research is 0.05 indicating whether the observed association occurred by chance in 5 out of 100 results. Chi-square is the most widely used measure of association in social science research, being suitable for use on nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio data. This will be important in accepting or rejecting the two hypo theses that were set in the previous chapters (Barton 2006, p. 45). Summary of Methodology This section addresses the research methodology used in this study. It is clear from the above discussion that although this research will be based on quantitative methods, the researcher will also use some elements of qualitative study to explain some of the statistical findings. It means that the questionnaire will have structured questions. In defining the research philosophy, it is clear that the study will use deductive methods. It means that the researcher will develop hypotheses and use data to confirm it through analysis. The researcher used questionnaires to conduct face-to-face interviews. The respondents were sampled from government agencies, the private sector, and educational institutions. Simple random sampling was used to get the right sample size. Primary data collection was restricted to the city of Dubai. The use of mathematical methods enhanced the quality of this research. List of References Barton, K 2006, Research methods in social studies education: Contemporary issues and perspectives, Information Age Publishers, Greenwich. Bowling, A Ebrahim, S 2005, Handbook of health research methods: Investigation measurement and analysis, Open University Press, Maidenhead. Groat, L, Wang, D Groat, L 2013, Architectural research methods, Cengage, New York. Jacobsen, K 2012, Introduction to health research methods: A practical guide, Jones Bartlett Learning, Sudbury. Maxfield, M Babbie, E 2012, Basics of research methods for criminal justice and criminology, Cengage Learning, Belmont. McConville, M Chui, W 2007, Research methods for law, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. Neergaard, H Ulhà ¸i, J 2007, Handbook of qualitative research methods in entrepreneurship, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. Reis, H Judd, C 2000, Handbook of research methods in social psychology and personality psychology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Rugg, G Petre, M 2007, A gentle guide to research methods, McGraw-Hill Press, Maidenhead. Schwartz-Shea, P Yanow, D 2006, Interpretation and method: Empirical research methods and the interpretive turn, M.E. Sharpe, Armonk. Willis, J 2008, Qualitative Research Methods for Education and educational technology, Information age Pub, Greenwich. 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